《翻译技巧讲解1.docVIP

Translation Techniques The Passive Voice (1) 被动语态 Ⅰ. The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的被动语态 广泛使用被动句型是英语的一大特点。英语中的被动句型远远多于汉语。由于被动句型的感情色彩少于主动句型，凡是不需要或者不方便以及无从说出动作的执行者，或是为了上下文的连贯以及使句子得到更好的安排时，英语都会采用被动句型。科技文献中为了避免主观上的臆断，被动句型用得更为普遍。在汉语中，也有被动句，通常通过“被”或“把”等词体现出来，但其使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围。由于汉语拥有英语中所没有的无主句，因此英语中的被动句型可以译成汉语的主动句，也可以把它译成汉语的被动句，而且译法灵活多样。常见的译法主要有以下几种： 1. Conversion of the Passive Voice into the Active Voice 译成汉语主动句 英语中被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句可以有几种不同情况： 1）原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 例1：This week, scientists of the Anthropological Survey of India told the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia, that members of the ancient tribes it visited on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands near the earthquake’s epicenter may have been spared because they noticed unusual behavioral changes in the birds, dolphins and lizards. (Unit 1 A) 本周，印度人类学研究所的科学家们向澳大利亚墨尔本的《先驱太阳报》透露，该研究所曾走访过位于震中附近的安达曼尼科巴群岛上的原始部落居民，他们很可能是因为注意到了鸟类、海豚和蜥蜴的反常行为而得以幸免于难。 例2：Scientists have long tried to figure out the intricate workings of human intelligence, but the process of how a thought is chemically produced in the brain still remains a mystery. (Unit 1 B) 长久以来，科学家们一直试图弄清楚人类智能复杂的运行方式。但思维在大脑中的化学形成过程仍然是不解之谜。 例3：Based largely on sightings of unusual animal behavior, the public was warned and thousands of lives were saved. (Unit 1 A) 主要依据观察到的动物的反常行为，公众得到了预警，数千条生命得以幸存。I was honored. (Unit 1 C) 我倍感荣幸。The news was passed on by word of mouth. 众口相传，消息不胫而走。 2）原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 例1：Far more research is needed to determine how many animals process intelligence in their brains. (Unit 1 B) 至于许多动物的大脑是如何进行思维的还有待更深入的研究。 例：There are many other amazing stories, but each experience with Cheyenne will depend on the person and can only be experienced by visiting her in person. (Unit 1 C) 还有许许多多令人称奇的故事，但与谢恩在一起的，也只有亲自见到她才会到。A computer program then turns the sounds into digital information that is translated into sound charts, which let Slobodchikoff see patterns in the noise which otherwise could not be understood. (Unit 1 B) 然后用电脑程序将声音信号