冠词语法精讲.doc

冠词语法精讲 知识概要 冠词在英语中只有3个词,分为两类:不定冠词a与an,定冠词the。 a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前,an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物,可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。 正误辨析 [误]This building is an university. [正]This building is a university. [析]a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前,而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前,而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是[j],所以用a而不要用an。又如:There is a “n” in the word.是错句,应为:There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音,所以应该用an hour。例如: I need an hour to finish the work. It is a useful dictionary. It is a European country. I bought a used car. [误]I need a umbrella because it looks like raining. [正]I need an umbrella because it looks like raining. [析]因umbrella的第一个音素是元音,所以应用an.常用的情况有:an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。 [误]”Can you help me”? “Sorry, I’m in hurry.” [正]”Can you help me”? “Sorry. I’m in a hurry.” [析]不定冠词的主要用法如下: 1. 用来表示一类人或事物,如:She is a teacher. 2. 指某一类人或事物中的一个,如:An elephant is bigger than a horse. 3. 泛指某一人或事物,如:A man is waiting for you at the school gate. 4. 相当于”one”的概念,如:I just bought a new dictionary. 5. 其主要的难点是用在固定词组中: 如:have a walk/a rest /a look 又如:in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 make a face 作鬼脸 do somebody a? favour 帮某人忙 a number of =many 又如:have a good time have a cold have a headache have a break=have a rest [误]I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good. [正]I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good. [析]在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词,而第二次提到时用定冠词。 [误]Please turn off lights before you leave. [正]Please turn off the lights before you leave. [析]虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指,也应用定冠词。 [误]There are nine planets around a sun. [正]There are nine planets around the sun. [析]世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词,如:the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea. [误]I live on a second floor of this building. [正]I live on the second floor of this building. [析]在序数词,形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如:He