《高考动词详解.docVIP

二 动词的时态和语态 动词时态和语态的构成形式 主动语态 一般现在时一般过去时Do/does,( is/am/are ) did,(was/were) 现在进行时过去进行时is/am/are doing was/were doing 现在完成时过去完成时has/have done had done 现在完成进行时过去完成进行时has/have been doing had been doing 一般将来时过去将来时will/shall do is/am/are going to do is/am/are（about）to dowould/should do was/were going to do was/were（about）to do被动语态一般现在时一般过去时is/am/are done was/were done 现在进行时过去进行时is/am/are being done was/were being done 现在完成时过去完成时has/have been done had been done 一般将来时过去将来时will/shall be done is/am/are going to be done is/am/are（about）to be done would/should be done was/were going to be done was/were（about）to be done 动词时态 1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、 状态、能力等。 2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 I’ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there. 3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。 1.表示正在进行的动作。 2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。 3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。 4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college. .表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to” ——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room. ——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there. .短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成