《听力常用口语表达.docVIP

************************听力中具有否定意义的结构************************(1)包含否定性的关键词 W:What kind of fruit would you like, apple or orange?M:Neither. Actually, I prefer banana to any other fruit.Q: What did the man mean?　A) He didnt like any fruit.　B) He wanted other kinds of fruit.　C) He liked banana more than any other fruit.　D) He liked all sorts of fruit except for apple and orange. 本句中neither是一个关键词，出这个词可知，男方既不喜欢苹果也不喜欢桔子，再配合后一句话可知，他只爱香蕉。因此选C为正确答案。 ??? 否定形式的关键词主要有以下类型： ??? 表示否定意义的副词和形容词，如 hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few, never 等。表示否定意义的代词和连词，如：nothing, nobody, neither, nor, none等。由否定前缀或否定后缀构成的词。常见否定前缀有im-,un-,dis-,non-;常见否定后缀有-less等。表示否定意义的动词、动词短语或介词短语，如：fail, miss, avoid, deny, hate, refuse, doubt, far from, anything but, instead of, rather than等。从所表达的否定的意义上来讲可分为： ??? 1.全部否定? 用完全否定词no,none,nobody,no one, nothing, nowhere, never, neither, not等表示。2.部分否定? 常用半否定词seldom, rarely, few, hardly, little等来否定其中一部分。此外，还可用not与always, all, entirely, both, every连用，表示部分否定。3.双重否定? 双重否定通常表示肯定意义，往往是加强语气。4.强调否定? 常见的否定词或短语有：never, little, barely, seldom, in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, on no account, 且为倒装语序。5.含否定意思的动词、动词短语，介词、介词词组等 如deny, without, too…to, anything but, miss, fail, rather than, instead of等。 ?? (2)否定式句法结构 ?? 常用的否定结构有too…to结构，强调否定式结构，如以 never, little, rarely等词开头的倒装句，以及双重否定式结构，如not uncommon, not impossible, No one can deny…, not careless等。这类否定较为常见，要求考生敏感地觉察出句子的否定意味，否则就会造成判断错误。如：W: I heard the student bus was overturned in a traffic accidentM: Yes, and what is more, no one on the bus was not injured.Q: How many were injured in the accident?　A) No one on the bus was injured.　B) More than one student on the bus was injured.　C) Every one on the bus was injured.　D) Only one student on the bus was injured. ??? 如果听出男方话中的双重否定结构，就不难选出正确答案C〉但如果未听出双重否定结构，漏听一个或两个not，那么就极可能选出A或D。 ??? (3)对一方观点的委婉否定 ?? ?这种现象也比较常见。英美人否定他人观点一般不直接表述，而采取十分委婉的方式，显得礼貌和尊重对方，因此要特别注意。如： ??? M: You have been in London for several months. How do you like the city?W: The only thin