《各种语言都有静态和动态的表述方法.docVIP

2.3 Techniques Used in E-C Word Translation English and Chinese differ from each other greatly. What is perfectly natural in English may turn out to be awkward if directly translated into Chinese. Thus, this chapter will focus on techniques which help the translator make proper adjustment in translating words. We’ll learn techniques used in E-C word translation first, and with an understanding of the basic terms, we’ll learn techniques used in C-E translation more easily. Conversion By conversion we mean that in translation practice, a word in the source language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily turned into the same part of speech in the target langue. A word has often to be converted into a different part of speech so as to conform to the usage of target language. Conversion is one of the important techniques and is needed primarily by the differences in syntactic structure and idiomatic ways of expression in the two languages. Conversion occurs on many occasions. The most commonly seen are as follows. Conversion into Verbs 各种语言都有静态和动态的表述方法，区别在于静态或动态表述方法在某种语言中使用的频率不同。英语中名词的使用频率要高于动词，这使英语句子常常表现为静态。英语广泛使用名词便带来了介词的频繁出现，这是英语侧重静态的又一原因。同时英语还通过派生等手段，用非动词的形式和名词外的其他词类表示动作意义，这些表达方式使英语的静态特点更为突出。汉语动词没有形态上的变化，也不存在主谓一致的问题，动词的使用很灵活，动词的使用频率也很高，与英语比较而言，体现出的特点是汉语表述以动态为主，所以英译汉时英语的名词、介词往往转换为汉语的动词，有时形容词和副词也可转换为汉语动词。 A. From Nouns to Verbs (1) His drawings of children are exceptionally good. 他画孩子画地特别好。 (2) He declared his country’s firm support for the African people’s resistance to foreign aggressor troops. 他宣布他的国家坚决支持非洲人民抵抗外国侵略军。 (3) Some of my classmates are good singers. (Zhou Jielun is a good singer.)我的一些同学唱歌唱的很好。（周杰仑是个很好的歌手。） (4) I took it for granted that mothers were the sandwich-makers, the finger-painting appreciators and the homework monitors我觉得母亲给孩子做三明治，欣赏他们的指画，检查家庭作业，都是理所当然的事。 The nouns in English that are derived from verbs or that express certain actions can be converted into Chinese verbs, such as sentences (1) and (2). And some nouns wit