laboratory exercise#1（实验室练习# 1）.doc

Laboratory #1 – 40 Points Objective: 1. Inoculate (streak) bacterial cultures on specified agar plates using techniques that will separate the individual bacterial cells to obtain well-isolated colonies on primary inoculation media. 2. Recognize colony characteristics. 3. Interpret primary cultures using colony characteristics and gram stains. Materials: Marking pen Inoculating loop Bacti-Incinerator Broth cultures of 1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. Staphylococcus epidermidis 3. Escherichia coli 4. Streptococcus sp. 4 BAP 4 MaC 2 Choc Sterile swabs Gram stain materials References: Mahon and Manuselis, Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, Second Edition, Chapter 7 Mahon and Manuselis, CD accompanying Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology http://www.austin.cc.tx.us/microbugz/03morphology.html Principles: Isolation of the infecting agent (bacteria) in culture is the most sensitive and specific means of laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. Most bacteria can be cultivated in vitro (outside the body) using artificial culture media (plural; singular is “medium”). The primary media selected for cultivation of organisms depend on the suspected causative bacteria from a particular clinical sample. Clinical microbiology laboratories use a wide variety of growth media for isolation of commonly encountered bacterial agents. There are several types of culture media used for specific purposes. These media are classified as: nutrient, selective, and differential or indicator. A nutrient medium is used primarily to satisfy the growth requirements of bacteria. This medium supports the growth of most nonfastidious (hardy) organisms. For other pathogens that require special nutrients for growth, vitamins, salts, and body fluids may be added to the nutrient base. Selective media are used when specific significant organisms are to be isolated. Chemical dyes or antimicrobials (also known as antibiotics) are added to the medium