ppt课件-lowcostsafetyimprovements-ltap.pptVIP

LOW COST SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS Identification of High Crash Locations Learning Outcomes: Identify appropriate Engineering Countermeasures by using the 6 Step Crash Mitigation Process HSIP Planning Conventional Screening Conventional techniques of screening use are known to have difficulties in identifying ‘unsafe’ sites: Crash counts = bias to high volume sites Crash rates = bias to low volume sites Crash rates’ assumption of linearity is invalid Regression-to-mean (RTM) effect if sufficient allowance is not made for random errors What is Network Screening? Highway network system made up of segmentsand intersections Network screening is a systematic examination of all entities Purpose: To rank all entities, based on selected criteria, in order to conduct detailed safety studies PSI Index Approach New and different approach to identify the Potential for Safety Improvement (PSI) Application of Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) for each crash severity class for different reference groups PSI values for fatal, injury and PDO crashes combined = PSI Index Weights (relative cost) are applied to PSI values PSI Index Screening PSIIndex is estimated for each location Locations are ranked in descending order of PSIIndex values Locations with largest PSIIndex values have most potential for crash reduction SafetyAnalyst Tools Network screening to identify sites with promise for safety improvement Diagnosis of safety concerns Selection of countermeasures Economic appraisal of countermeasures Priority ranking of countermeasures Evaluation of implemented projects The six steps in the crash mitigation process Step 1: Identify Sites with Potential Safety Problems Crash data Traffic Measures Field Observations Complaints Enforcement input Surrogate measures Step 1: Identify Sites with Potential Safety Problems Crash Information Methods: Crash Rate Calculation Roadway Segment: CR = N / [ADT x 365 x L x 10-6] where CR is expressed as “Crashes per million ve