exercise2-1（6页）.docVIP

0BExercise: concepts from chapter 2 Reading: Fundamentals of Structural Geology, Ch 2 1) Develop a Matlab script that plots the spherical datum (Fig. 2.1a) with unit radius as a wire-frame diagram using lines of constant latitude and longitude. An example is given here as Figure 1. Figure 1. Matlab plot of the spherical datum. 2) The mathematical datum used for the Global Positioning System (GPS) is the World Geodetic System datum for 1984 (WGS-84). The standard physical datum, usually referenced to local mean sea level at the coastline, is the geoid (Fig. 2.2). Explain what is meant by a ‘datum’ and describe the general differences between WGS-84 and the geoid. 3) Investigate the gnomonic projection (Fig. 2.3) from a spherical datum with radius taken as the appropriate semi-axis of the GRS-80 ellipsoid. Consider two cases, O(0, 0) and O(?/2, 0), for the position of the origin O(??, ??) where the projection plane is tangent to the sphere. Use Matlab and equations (2.2) to plot lines of constant latitude and longitude in order to illustrate the distortion that is inherent to this projection. Describe these distortions. 4) Investigate the transverse Mercator projection (Fig. 2.4) from a spherical datum with radius taken as the appropriate semi-axis of the GRS-80 ellipsoid. Place the origin at the Greenwich meridian on the equator, O(??, ??) = O(0, 0), and let both the latitude and longitude extend ±?/4 to either side of the origin. To accomplish this projection use the following equations (Bugayevskiy and Snyder, 1995, p. 158): Note that equations (2.3) in the text plot the projection with origin at the pole, but X and Y are interchanged (see Errata). Use Matlab and equations to plot lines of constant latitude and longitude on the projection at the equator in order to illustrate the distortion that is inherent to it. Describe these distortions. 5) Most GPS receivers have onboard computers that are capable of reporting locations using the Universal