explanationofsoftwareforgeneratingsimulatedobservations（45页）.docVIP

Explanation of Software for Generating Simulated Observations For the GMAO OSSE prototype By Ronald M. Errico (GMAO and GEST) Runhua Yang (GMAO and SSAI ) 20 August 2008 Acknowledgements 3 1. Introduction 4 2. The former NCEP/ECMWF OSSE 6 3. Basic formulation for version P1 10 3.1 Consideration of effects of clouds on IR radiances 11 3.2 Consideration of MW radiance 14 3.3 Biases in radiances 14 3.4 Thinning of Radiance Data 15 3.5 Rawindsondes 16 3.6 Wind profiler observations 17 3.7 Cloud-track winds 17 3.8 Surface Winds 17 3.9 Thermodynamic Verses Virtual Temperatures 18 4. Adding Observation Plus Representativeness Errors 19 5. Validation 21 5.1 First Testing Procedure 21 5.2 Second Testing Procedure 22 6. Software Design 25 6.1 List of Modules 25 6.2 Kinds of Real Variables 26 6.3 Storage of field arrays 26 6.4 Interpolation Search Algorithms 27 6.5 Nature Run Data Files 28 6.6 Interpolation of Humidity 28 6.7 Changing resolution 29 7. Resource Files 30 7.1 The File cloud.rc 30 7.2 The File error.rc 32 7.3 The File ossegrid.txt 34 8. Instructions for Use 35 8.1 The Executable sim_obs_conv.x 35 8.2 The Executable sim_obs_rad.x 36 8.3 The Executable add_error.x 37 9. Run-Time Messages 38 9.1 Summary Tables 38 9.1.1 Table for conventional observations 38 9.1.2 Table for radiance observations 40 9.2 Other Normal Run-Time Information 41 9.2.1 Print regarding simulation of conventional observations 42 9.2.2 Print regarding simulation of radiance observations 44 9.3 Error Messages 45 Acknowledgements We are greatly appreciative of several people: The idea of using an artificially elevated surface to introduce the effects of clouds or surface emissivity errors was suggested by Joanna Joiner. Reading and writing of BUFR data files was assisted by Meta Sienkiewicz. Hui-Chun.Liu provided assistance reading and writing AIRS data. Both she and Tong Zhu (NCEP) assisted with use of the NCEP Community Radiative Transfer Model. Ricardo Todling and Ro