STEAMTURBINEDESIGN汽輪机设计优化.docVIP

Presented at Coal Gen 2007 August 1-3 2007 Steam Turbine Design ConsiderationsforSupercritical Cycles By Justin Zachary Paul Kochis Ram Narula Senior Principal Engineer Principal Engineer Chief Technology Officer Bechtel Power Corporation Frederick, MD 21703 INTRODUCTION Climate change concerns and the rising price of coal are driving the power generation market toward more efficient cycles than the conventional subcritical steam plant. Steam turbines (STs) need to operate at substantially higher pressures and temperatures in the supercritical (SC) and ultra-supercritical (USC) domain. The SC steam plant design is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many owners, given its cost-effective use of coal, an abundant domestic fossil fuel. Concurrently, there is an ongoing push to reduce stack emissions of all pollutants and to capture CO2. The future will, without a doubt, lead to the increased use of USC technologies. While the definition of SC conditions is straightforward, the meaning of USC is subject to interpretation. To provide a clearer understanding of the goals of this paper, the three types of plants are defined below: SC is a thermal cycle with a main steam temperature of less than 1,112?°F (600?°C) operating at pressures between 3,208 and 4,000 psia. USC is a thermal cycle with a maximum steam temperature greater than 1,112?°F (600?°C) operating at pressures higher than 4,000 psia. Advanced USC is a thermal cycle with a steam temperature of 1,300?°F (705?°C) or greater. While SC technology development continued in Japan and Europe for a number of decades, a concerted large-scale effort to reintroduce it in the US has occurred only recently. An example of this effort is EPRI’s CoalFleet initiative, which is designed to assist with the deployment of higher efficiency, lower emissions, CO2 capture-ready SC and USC plants. To compete with alternative solutions for coal utilization (i.e., IGCC), SC and USC plants must achieve net plant efficie