NP10_的Chapter01.ppt

* * * * * * * * * Figure 1-24 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Figures 1-25 – 1-26 * * * Figures 1-34 – 1-35 * * * Figure 1-36 * * Figures 1-37 – 1-38 * Figure 1-39 * * * Figure 1-12 p14 avi * Figure 1-13 * * * * Figure 1-14 * Figure 1-22 * Figure 1-22 * Figure 1-15 * Figure 1-16 * * Figures 1-17 – 1-18 * * Figures 1-19, 1-20, 1-21 * * * Arithmetic logic unit * * * * * Figure 1-23 * Figures 1-30 and 1-31 * Figure 1-32 * * * Figure 1-29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics * Programs and Instruction Sets A simple few lines of source code in a high-level programming language often results in multiple machine language instructions. Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics * Processor Logic The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) is the part of the microprocessor that performs arithmetic and logical operations The ALU uses registers to hold data that is being processed The microprocessor’s control unit fetches each instruction, just as you get each ingredient out of a cupboard or the refrigerator (control/flow operations) The term instruction cycle refers to the process in which a computer executes a single instruction Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics * Processor Logic Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics * Processor Logic Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics * 计算机的工作过程就是执行程序的过程，程序的执行过程包括指令的执行 开始指令 指令 指令 指令 结束指令 程序的执行 指令的执行过程 取出指令 分析指令 执行指令 从内存某地址取出要执行的指令 把取出的指令送指令译码器，译出对应操作 向相关部件发送控制命令， 完成操作 计算机工作过程 Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics * 译码器 操作 控制器 地址寄存器AR 累加器 暂存器 通用寄存器 程序计数器PC 指令寄存器IR 数据寄存器DR CPU ALU 存储器 地址 指令或数据内容 20 21 30 31 CLA ADD 30 000 006 地址总线 数据总线 000 021 000 022 ADD 30 ADD 30 000 000 ① ③ ④ ② 000 030 000 006 000 006 ＋ 000 006 000 006 Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics * Quick Quiz A(n) __________________ is a super-thin slide of semiconducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements, such as wires, transistors, capacitors, logic gates, and resistors. Tru