5 The 的Allocation of Depletable Resources.pptVIP

Chapter 5 The Allocation ofDepletable Resources Introduction Is profit maximization inconsistent with smooth adjustments to increasing scarcity? How do markets allocate resources over time? 第五章 自然资源的有效配置 A Resource Taxonomy Depletable resource (可耗竭资源) not naturally replenished mineral resources: copper, lead, zinc… energy resources: coal, oil, natural gas… Renewable resource (可更新资源) naturally replenished solar energy, water, forests, animals… The stock of Depletable Resources Current reserves (现有资源储备) 按目前价格开采能够产生利润的已探明资源。 Potential reserves (潜在资源储备) 按目前价格开采不能产生利润的已探明资源。 Resource endowment (资源禀赋) 地壳中的所有资源储量。 地理学概念而非经济学概念。 A Resource Taxonomy Depletable, recyclable resources mineral resources: copper Can be exhausted Current reserves can be augmented by economic replenishment and recycling Depletable, nonrecyclable resources energy resources A Resource Taxonomy The management problem for depletable resources How to allocate decreasing stocks among generations while transitioning to a renewable alternative. The management problem for renewable resources How to maintain an efficient and sustainable flow. 第五章 自然资源的有效配置 Resource Scarcity 稀缺的特性 绝对性：各类资源的共同属性 相对性：需求与供给 差异性：资源分布不均衡 瞬变性：由供给或需求强度的变化而决定 缓解资源稀缺性的因素Factors Mitigating Resource Scarcity Exploration and Discovery (勘探与发现) marginal benefit = price - marginal extraction cost (边际开采成本) marginal scarcity rent : marginal benefit (边际稀缺性租金) To maximize profits marginal scarcity rent = marginal discovery cost (边际发现成本 ) Factors Mitigating Resource Scarcity Exploration and Discovery Factors Mitigating Resource Scarcity Technological Progress Technology progress reduces costs. Rising extraction costs stimulate the development of new technologies. The rate and type of technological progress capital Vs. labor Factors Mitigating Resou