Introd的uction of Marine Microbiology.pptVIP

Marine Microbial Resource and Utilization Introduction of Marine Microbiology Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Other Biological Active Compounds Seafood Safety and Quality Assurance Part IIntroduction of Marine Microbiology Chemical and physical properties (性质) of marine environment Marine microorganisms Marine microbial habitats Isolation of marine microorganisms Role of microorganisms in marine biology Microorganism (微生物) Microorganisms are very tiny living organisms that can not be seen clearly with naked eye. Most microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) can only be seen under a microscope. Some microorganisms such as algae (藻类) are large enough to see without a microscope. Importance of Microorganisms Metabolic activity (新陈代谢) of microorganisms contribute to the transformation of elements, degradation （降解）of organic substances, and recycling of nutrition in the environments. Such activities support and maintain all other forms of life on the earth. Marine Environments Oceans Cover 71% of the earth’s surface (3.6?108 km2) Contain 1.4?1021 liters of water (97% of the total water on earth). Average depth of oceans is 3.8 km. Deepest area is the Marianas trench (马里亚纳海沟) (11 km) in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean floor contains large mountain ranges. 90% of volcanic (火山的) activity occurs in oceans. The World’s Oceans and Seas Pacific Ocean Covers 28% of surface on earth (1.6?108 km2) Larger than total land area Atlantic Ocean Covers 7.7?107 km2 area on earth Deepest point is Puerto Rico Trench (波多黎哥海沟) (8.1 km) Indian Ocean Has an area of 6.9?107 km2 Deepest point is the Java Trench (爪洼海沟)(7.3 km) The World’s Oceans and Seas Surface of ocean is in constant motion (wind effects). Wind is created by differential heating and air mass, which generate waves and currents (海流). Based on the water temperature on ocean surface, the marine ecosystem (生态系统) can be divided into 4 major bio-geographical zones polar, cold temperature, warm temperature (sub-tropical) (亚热带), and tropica