神经系统及其生理第三部(参考).pptVIP

* 肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素作用广泛，有许多相同点，但也有不同之处：去甲肾上腺素对冠状动脉和脑以外的平滑肌起兴奋作用，使血管收缩，因此外周阻力增加，血压升高；肾上腺素引起皮肤血管收缩，骨骼肌血管舒张，因此外周阻力不变或降低，因此对血压影响不大。 * While adrenergic receptors all react to norepinephrine and epinephrine, they react differently, based on the specific receptor class they belong to. Alpha receptors are generally excited when bound with either epinepherine or norepinepherine. Alpha 1 type receptors * are located primarily in the walls of blood vessels leading to places other than to the skeletal muscles, the brain or to the lungs and on spincters in visceral organs. * * Alpha 1 receptors are not found on cardiac muscle of the heart. * Alpha 2 receptors are located on the membranes of platelets which have to do with blood clotting. * Beta receptors may be either be excited or depressed when they bind with epinephrine or norepinephrine depending on the specific type of Beta receptor. Beta 1 receptors, * are found on the cardiac muscle of the heart and on the kidneys. Beta 2 receptors * are located in the walls of bronchioles leading to the lungs, on the coronary arteries and on smooth muscles in the walls of the digestive and urinary organs. * * When bound to epinephrine or norepinephrine, Alpha 1 receptors become excited and cause constriction of the blood vessels and sphincters they are located on. * This causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels directing the majority of blood flow to the skeletal muscles to support increased activity. Alpha 1 receptors in the kidneys stimulate the release of renin when stimulated. In the eyes, excited Alpha 1 receptors causes dilation of the pupil for better close vision. Excited Alpha 2 receptors promote blood clotting in case of injury. Beta 1 receptors * on the cardiac muscle of the heart * increase heart rate and strength when stimulated. This increases cardiac output to support increased physical activity during an emergency (fight or flight). Beta 2 receptors * are depressed when they bind with epinephrine or norepinephrine. * Since t