Chapter02 history of Immunology幻灯片.pptVIP

Chapter 1 History of Immunology  Introduction Experiential Immunology period Experimental Immunology period Modern Immunology period Immunology act as an independent subject: (In 1971, International Conference of Immunology, in USA ) I. Experiential Immunology period(the 17th century- the middle of 19th century) In ancient times,many serious infection diseases,such as smallpox,plague and cholera etc,caused inumerable people dead. Do you know ? Plague !!! --- Black Death Disease What disease does this man have? In 1670, Chinese medical practitioners : variolation Edward Jennar ----An English physician He discovered that cowpox vaccination protected against smallpox in 1796 Vaccine: A preparation of microbial antigen,often combined with adjuvants,that is administered to individuals to induce protective immunity against microbial infections. Vaccination: A general term for immunization against infectious diseases,orginally derived from immunization against smallpox which uses the Vaccinia virus. They should be vaccinated first II. Experimental Immunology period(the middle of 19th century-the middle of 20th century) 1.Active immunity In the middle of 19th century R. Koch ----Isolated and cultured bacteria successfully Pasteur ----Infectious diseases were caused by pathogens In 1880, Pasteur ----Anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine (old culture of Chicken V.cholera) ----Artificial active immunity Active immunity: The form of adaptive immunity that is induced by exposure to a foreign antigen and in which the immunized individual plays an active role in responding to the antigen. 2. Passive immunity In the late eighties of 19th century Roux and Yersin ----Diphtheria was caused by exotoxin produced by C.diphtheriae The discovery of diphtheriae antitoxin and bactericindins Antitoxin----Antibody (Ab) Exotoxin----A