(初三非谓语动词专题.docVIP

非谓语动词专题 一．非谓语动词，即在句子中不作谓语的动词，其具体形式分：不定式，动名词分词三种。 二．非谓语动词的共： 1．没有单、复数变化和人称变化（因为不作谓语）； 2．仍然具有动词本身的特点：可以带宾语、状语；可以有自己的时态、（被动）语态变化；可以构成非谓语动词短语（即不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语）。 3．非谓语动词的否定形式：其结构形式无论是单一结构还是复合结构，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如： a. Not knowing a right address, he couldn’t find his friend’s home. b. I’m so sorry not to have told you about him a little earlier. c. Not swimming in the river in summer is good for you. 4. 非谓语动词的复合结构（即逻辑主谓关系）： a. It’s very important for me to learn English well now. b. Do you mind my opening the window, please? c. There being no classes today, we don’t go to school. Because there are no classes today, ……. 三．非谓语动词的差异性： 构成形式 时间概念 句中成分 主、被动关系 复合结构 特殊用法 作形容词 不 定 式 to do 表将来、将要 主、宾、表、定、状、宾补 (It’s…) for me to do (It’s…) of you to do 见注1 / 动 名 词 doing 表一件事情(已过/做)、一个名称 主、宾、表 Thanks for your helping me. 见注2 / 分词 现在分词 doing 表进行、正在； 表、定、状、宾补 表主动 伴随动作（主动）见注3 可以，见注5 过去分词 done 表过去、已经； 表、定、状、宾补 表被动 伴随动作（被动）见注4 可以，见注6 注1：在口诀“使让看听觉”(make,let，have；see,watch,look at, notice , observe； hear, listen to； feel)之后作宾补时，不定式无to, 即无to 不定式( 只在主动语态中 )。 但是，“看听觉”动词后接 do 和doing 的含义差别大：例如，I often heard Mary play the piano in the room last month.与I heard Mary playing the piano in the room just now. 一个表“经常、做了、将要”，另一个表“进行，正在”。 注2：在口诀“妹不吃咖啡（喜欢、完成、操练、建议、介意、放弃、思考、错过、忍受、推迟）” (like,love,enjoy,appreciate, hate, dislike; finish, end up；practice；suggest, mind；give up；consider( think of)； keep on; miss; stand; put off) 后，二动词用 doing 注3：They often went to the town center, looking for some friends to talk with. They often went to the town center and looked for some friends to talk with. 注4：Mr Smith came in , followed by his son John. == Mr Smith came in _____________ by his son John. 注5：interesting, exciting, surprising, moving, boring： 令人。。。 的 （主动）…… 注6：interested, excited, surprised, moved, bored： 自己、自身。。.（被动）………. 四．含非谓语动词的习惯句型： 1. feel like doing sth. 想要做。。。wound like; want to do sth. 2. prevent/stop/keep sb. (from) doing sth. 3. go doing 结构(目的)：例如，go fis