复习内容《简明英语语言学教程》导学手册..doc

《英语语言学》导学手册 程可拉主编 英语语言学教学大纲 一、教学目的和要求 英语语言学是英语本科专业的自考课程。本课程的目的是帮助学生系统地学习语言学基本理论知识和研究方法，为从事英语语言教学与研究打下良好的基础。 本课程教学的具体要求是： １．系统掌握语言学的基本理论和基本知识。 　　２．能应用语言学知识分析各种语言现象。 　　３．能应用语言学的基本理论来指导中学英语教学。 二、教学内容 I. Introduction 1. Linguistics 1.1 What is linguistics? 1.2 Linguistics vs. traditional grammar 1.3 The scope of linguistics 2. Language 2.1 What is language? 2.2 The defining properties of human language II. Phonology 1. The phonic medium of language 2. Phonetics 2.1 What is phonetics? 2.2 The speech organs 2.3 Narrow and broad transcriptions 2.4 Some major articulatory variables 2.5 Classification of English speech sounds 3. Phonology 3.1 Phonetics and phonology 3.2 Phone, phoneme and allophone 3.3 Phonemic contrast, complementary distribution, and minimal pair 3.4 Some rules of phonology 3.5 Suprasegmental features---Stress, tone, intonation III. Morphology 1. Morphology 1.1 Open classes and closed classes 1.2 Internal structure of words and rules for word formation 2. Morphemes---the minimal units of meaning 3. Derivational and inflectional morphemes 4. Morphological rules of word formation 5. Compounds IV. Syntax 1. Syntax 1.1 What is syntax? 1.2 Sentence 2. Structuralist approach 2.1 Form classes 2.2 Constituent structure 2.3 Immediate constituent analysis 2.4 Endocentric and exocentric constructions 2.5 Advantage of IC analysis 2.6 Labelled tree diagram 2.7 Discontinuous constituents 3. Transformational-generative grammar 3.1 Competence and performance 3.2 Criteria for judging grammars 3.3 Generative aspect 3.4 Transformational aspect 3.5 Deep and surface structures 4. The Standard Theory 4.1 Components of a TG 4.2 The base 4.3 Transformations 4.4 The form of T-rules 4.5 The phonological compo