科学桂冠.doc

科學桂冠 Science Laureates 每段文字皆需加入Panel板上的漫畫,圖檔另附光碟片 ●認識諾貝爾獎 Recognition of Nobel Prize ˙諾貝爾獎的由來Origin of Nobel Prize 諾貝爾獎是依發明黃色炸藥而舉世聞名的阿弗雷德．諾貝爾先生的遺囑而設立，並從1901年開始頒發的世界性獎項。根據當時的估價，諾貝爾的遺產超過3,150萬瑞典克朗，相當於200萬英鎊，或2,250萬德國馬克。他希望每年將遺產孳息授與前一年度對人類有重大貢獻的人，獎項分為物理學、化學、生理學或醫學、文學及和平等五個領域。每個領域的獎項意義非凡，尤其是物理學獎、化學獎、生理學或醫學獎，榮獲諾貝爾獎可說是大多數科學家們的夢想。 Nobel Prize was established based on Mr. Alfred Nobel’s will, who was world famous inventor for the dynamite. The first Nobel Prize awarded in 1901. Mr. Nobel’s wealth was estimated well over thirty one million and five hundred thousand of Sweden Krone, which was equivalent to two millions pound or twenty two million and five hundred thousand of Duetch mark. He was wishing to give out the interest he accumulated based on his wealth each year to the person who did have great contribution to the mankind in the previous year. The Nobel Prize had been awarded for achievement in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, total of five disciplines. The meaning behind the award was extraordinary especially for physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine. Most of scientists’ dream is to be the Nobel Laureates in one day. 照片：阿弗雷德．諾貝爾 ※??? Photo：Alfred Nobel ˙諾貝爾獎的評選與頒發 Nomination and Ceremonies of Nobel Prize 諾貝爾獎各獎項各有評選機構：物理學獎、化學獎及經濟學獎由瑞典皇家科學院；生理學或醫學獎由卡羅林斯加研究院；和平獎由挪威諾貝爾委員會；文學獎由瑞典學院所評選決定的。每個獎項設有一評選委員會，委員們會先推選出推薦人(包含歷屆得獎者)，委員們以他們的推薦名單為基礎進行審查。各獎項最多可推選出三位得獎者，只有和平獎可以頒發給團體。 經濟學獎是在1968年由瑞典中央銀行出資籌設，1969年起開始頒發。每年的頒獎典禮都在諾貝爾先生的逝世紀念日--12月10日，在瑞典斯德哥爾摩舉行，唯有和平獎是在挪威奧斯陸頒發。 There are designated the institutions responsible for each prizes: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry and Economics, Karolinska Institute for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, a Committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Parliament (Storting) for the Nobel Peace Prize, and the Swedish Academy for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Each award has a committee. The committee members will select the qua