教育心理学bilingual复习资料..doc

第六章、有效教学 1、What Is Direct Instruction（Expository teaching讲解式教学法||delivery mode of teaching传递模式）? -------Define direct instruction and its effectiveness; Direct instruction：an approach to teaching in which Lessons are goal-oriented and structured by the teacher To reach a clearly defined set of objectives as efficiently as possible; The teacher transmits information directly to the students; Teacher should be the focus of the process of instruction. Effectiveness： 2、When should direct teaching be used?　　 --- Describe situations in which direct teaching should be used; Direct instruction is particularly appropriate for teaching unproblematic, a well-defined body of information or skills that all students must master： Direct instruction relates more obviously to declarative knowledge (“knowing what”) than to procedural knowledge (“knowing how”). It is less appropriate when exploration, discovery, and open-ended objectives are the object of instruction. Direct instruction has occurred in basic reading and math, and has been mostly at the elementary level。 3、How Is a Direct Instruction Lesson Taught? 　 -------Describe and illustrate阐明 the steps and strategies used in presenting a direct　instruction lesson; State learning objective and orient students ---- 陈述学习目标，将学生导向即将进行的授课 Review prerequisites－－复习先前知识和技能 Present new material－－ 呈现新材料 Provide independent practice－ 提供独立练习的机会 Assess performance and provide feedback-----学习和提供反馈 Provide distributed practice and review------提供分散练习和复习的机会 3.1 State learning objective ： 好的教学目标有三点：A、describes the intended students behavior B、lists the condition under which the learning behavior will occur C、gives the criteria or standard for acceptable performance on the test. Eg. 在熟读的基础上（行为条件），学生（行为主体）能流利地背诵（行为动词）××,错误不超过3处（达成程度）。” 教学目标设计的ABCD法: 一是行为主体(audience)； 二是行为动词(behavior)； 三是行为条件(condition)； 四是表现程度(degree)。 内外结合方法: 学生能理解议论文写作中的“类比法”（反映内在变化的目标） 用学生自己的话解释运用类比法的条件（行为样品）。 Bloom’s Ta