(设计良好系统的基本原则.docx

外文资料Fundamental Principles of Good System DesignA. Terry Bahill, PE, University of ArizonaRick Botta, BAE SystemsAbstract: This article presents dozens of fundamental principles of good system design that should help make a product better. Not surprisingly, many of these same principles will help make a product reusable in a new system and will help reduce redesign costs when requirements change. These principles apply to simple systems and complex systems. These principles come from hardware, software, system, and test design, but they are general and many can be applied in a large variety of fields (even non-engineering fields).Keywords: System Design, Reuse, Requirements, Systems of Complex SystemsEMJ Focus Areas:Systems EngineeringDesign is a creative activity—consequently, there is no process that will guarantee good designs, but there are some principles that will increase the probability of getting a good design. This article presents dozens of fundamental principles of good system design that should help make a product better. Using these principles will also make a product more reusable for future systems and it will help reduce redesign costs when requirements change. Of course, the customer may mandate or exclude the use of some or all of these principles. Some of these principles are as follows:·Use models to design systems·Use hierarchical, top-down design·Work on high-risk items first·Prioritize·Control the level of interacting entities·Design the interfaces·Produce satisficing designs ·Do not optimize early·Maintain an updated model of the system·Develop stable intermediates·Use evolutionary development·Understand your enterprise·State what, not how·List functional requirements in the use cases ·Allocate each function to only one component·Do not allow undocumented functions·Provide observable states·Rapid prototyping·Develop iteratively and test immediately·Create modules·Create libraries of reusable objects·Use open standards·Identify things that