(英语语法短语及习题.docxVIP

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级【语法精讲】一、构成规则(一)形容词的构成规则1.一般情况加-er,-esttall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest 2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词加-r,-st large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y变i,再加-er,-est easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest5.其他双音节词和多音节词,加more,mostbeautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different注意:最高级前要加the ,不加表示“非常”,a most important meeting一个非常重要的会议(二)副词的构成规则1.大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。easily→more easily→most easily2.少数单音节副词,加-er,-est构成其比较级和最高级。二、用法(一)原级的用法1.“甲+be(+倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙??的几倍”。Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。2.“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙??”。This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。3.“甲+实意动词(+倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙??的几倍”。Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑的速度是迈克的两倍。4.“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙??”。He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。(二)比较级的用法1.“甲+be(+倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙??”或“甲比乙??几倍”。Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前看起来更年轻。This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。2.“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词+介词短语”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都??”,含义是“甲在同一范围中最??”。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。3.“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two(...)”表示“甲是两者中较??的”。My brother is the taller of the two.我的哥哥是那两个中较高的那个。4.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越??”。He is getting taller and taller.他长得越来越高。5.the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越??,就越??”。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少6.“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?地球和月亮,哪个更大?7.“甲+实意动词(+倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙??”或“甲比乙??几倍”。I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈还早。8.“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙?”Who draws better,Jenny or Danny?谁画得比较好,珍妮还是丹尼?(三)最高级常用句型结构1.“主语+be+the+形容词最高级(+单数名词)+in/of短语”表示“??是??中最??的”。Tom is the tallest in his class.