CompartmentSyndrome-UniversitasEsaUnggul.pptVIP

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME INTRODUCTION Compartment syndrome (CS) is a limb-threatening and life-threatening condition Compartment syndrome is a condition that occurs when injury causes generalized painful swelling and increased pressure within a compartment to the point that blood cannot supply the muscles and nerves with oxygen and nutrients. INTRODUCTION Compartment syndrome has been found wherever a compartment is present: hand, forearm, upper arm, abdomen, buttock, and entire lower extremity. Almost any injury can cause this syndrome, including injury resulting from vigorous exercise. COMPARTMENT SPACE Thick layers of tissue, called fascia, separate groups of muscles in the arms and legs from each other. Inside each layer of fascia is a confined space, called a compartment. The compartment includes the muscle tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. Fascia surrounds these structures, similar to the way in which insulation covers wires. Fascia do not expand. Any swelling in a compartment will lead to increased pressure in that area, which will press on the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. If this pressure is high enough, blood flow to the compartment will be blocked. This can lead to permanent injury to the muscle and nerves. If the pressure lasts long enough, the muscles may die and the limb may need to be amputated. TYPES OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME There are two types of compartment syndromes, acute and chronic. Acute compartment syndrome is usually caused by trauma. Chronic compartment syndrome is also known as exercise induced compartment syndrome ACUTE COMPARTMENT SYNDROME Acute compartment syndrome is usually caused by trauma. Examples of trauma include crush injury, muscle tear, burn injury, bite injury (dog, insect, snake) or car accident. Acute compartment syndrome can also be caused by a cast that is too tight, drug overdose or electrocution. CHRONIC COMPARTMENT SYNDROME  Chronic compartment syndrome is also known as exercise induced compartment syndrome or ex