铜催化芳基卤代烃与咪唑的偶联反应试题.doc

目 录 摘 要: 1 关键词： 2 引言 2 1 实验部分 4 1.1 实验原理 4 1.2 实验仪器及试剂 4 1.3 实验步骤 4 1.4 产物及产率 5 2 结果与分析 5 3 讨论 6 3.1 本实验的优点 6 3.2 实验中的注意事项 6 相关产物谱图： 6 参考文献 10 致 谢 10 铜催化芳基卤代烃与咪唑的偶联反应 田小李 化学化工学院 应用化学专业 2008级 指导老师：秦大斌 摘 要:某些过度金属可催化亲电性不饱和碳与含活泼氢的氮、氧、硫、碳原子直接成键，这种交叉偶联反应是现代有机合成中重要的手段之一，与钯、镍等过度金属相比，铜是一种廉价且毒性低的金属。近年来，亚铜催化的碳杂偶联反应以其高效、低成本和易制备等优点被广泛研究并应用于工业生产、有机合成及生物活性分子的制备中。用铜来催化这些交叉偶联反应不仅可以节省贵金属的消耗，降低成本，而且可以减少对环境的污染，促进绿色化学的发展。 偶联反应，是由两个有机化学单位进行某种化学反应而得到一个有机分子的过程.偶联反应又可分为交叉偶联和自身偶联反应。进行偶联反应时，介质的酸碱性是很重要的。 在这里，我们研究了以亚铜为催化剂，在弱碱性条件下芳基卤代烃与咪唑的偶联反应，其产物为咪唑衍生物。咪唑衍生物种类繁多，如烷基咪唑、硝基咪唑、苯并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑，其在农业，医药等领域都有广泛应用。 关键词： 铜催化；偶联反应；咪唑衍生物 Copper catalyzed aryl radical coupling reaction of alkyl halides with imidazole Li Tianxiao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Grade 2008 Instructor:Dabin Qin Abstract:Some transition metal catalyzed electrophonic unsaturated carbon containing active hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, carbon atoms directly bonded, this cross-coupling reaction is one of the important tool in modern organic synthesis, Compared with palladium, nickel and other transition metals, copper is a cheap and low toxic metal. In recent years, the cuprous-catalyzed C hybrid coupling reaction has been extensively studied and used in the preparation of industrial production, organic synthesis and biological activity of molecules because its high efficiency, low cost and ease of preparation and other advantages. Using copper to catalyze cross-coupling reaction can not only save precious metal consumption, reduce costs, but also can reduce environmental pollution, and promote the development of green chemistry. Coupling reaction is a chemical reaction process of an organic molecule composed of two organic chemistry units. The coupling reaction can be divided into the cross-coupling and coupling reaction. The medium pH is very important when the coupling reaction. Here, we studied the copper as catalyst, in the condition of weak alkaline aryl ha