王刚,采购在现代企业中的定位详解.ppt

杠杆项目 * * 谈判费用 重新培训费用 设计和程序更改费用 处理就版本库存费用 中断合同的赔偿费用 磨合阶段的低效率成本 ? 1、转换成本有。。。 * * 关系的类型: 合作，不能太看重自己的优势 合同类别: 长期 寻找的供应商类型: 最低成本的供应商 假如转换成本非常高 * 产品本身是有区别的 供应商在不同的生产运作层次上运营 流通渠道成本不同 供应商对市场的错误判断。。。 2、为什么价格会有很大差异 * * Supply strategy for leverage items Case 2: Low price variability a) 假如转换成本可以忽略，If switching costs are negligible and allow you to exploit even small price differences amongst suppliers, and if this is better for you than the additional leverage of placing all your business with one supplier over a period of time, your strategy should be: Number of suppliers: Many Nature of relationship: Arms-length Type of contract: Spot (purchase order) Type of supplier to seek: Lowest price at time of purchase b) If placing all of your business with one supplier gives you a price advantage (e.g., due to quantity discounts): Number of suppliers: One Nature of relationship: Arms-length (buyer-dominant) Type of contract: Term contract Type of supplier to seek: Lowest cost over the term of the contract * * Number of suppliers: Many Nature of relationship: Arms-length Type of contract: Spot (purchase order) Type of supplier to seek: Lowest cost at time of purchase 假如价格差异很大，转换成本可以忽略，你可以选择 * * Number of suppliers: Two or three (regular trading) Nature of relationship: Co-operative Type of contract: Framework/call-off Type of supplier to seek: Lowest cost over the contract term 假如价格差异很大，转换成本不可以忽略，你可以选择 * * 长期采购杠杆项目的供应战略 M6:U2:2.6-1 Supply strategy for continuously required leverage items Element of strategy Case 1: Very high switching costs Case 2: Low price variability / negligible switching costs C