第十一章核酸的合成2范例.ppt

DNA and RNA syntheses are similar in some aspects but different in others Both replication and transcription (RNA synthesis) are guided by a template via Watson-Crick base pairing; Both have polarity, proceeding in 5’ 3’ direction; Both use triphosphate nucleotides (dNTP or NTP); But: No primers are needed for RNA synthesis (transcription); RNA synthesis only involves a short segment of a large DNA molecule; RNA synthesis uses only one of the two DNA strands as template at one site. 不对称转录 有义链和反义链 第二节 RNA的生物合成 1.? 原核生物RNA聚合酶 There are three kinds of RNA polymerases (I, II, and III) in eukaryotic cells The nucleus of eukaryotic cells contains three types of RNA polymerases differing in template specificity, localization, and susceptibility to a-amanitin; RNA polymerase II binds to promoters of thousands of protein-coding genes with the aid of various transcription factors to produce the thousands of mRNA molecules. Eukaryotic RNA polymerases a-amanitin：何方神圣？ 中文名：鹅膏蕈碱 存在于毒麻菇 Amanita phalloides 的毒素 Amanita phalloides a-amanitin 环八肽 2 Gly L-Ile L-二羟Ile L-Asn L-羟Pro L-羟Trp 氧化Cys promoter two consensus sequences; At -10: TATAAT (also called the Pribnow box,TATA box); At -35: E.coli46个启动子(Schaller和Gilbert): -35区 -10区 ········T·T·G·A·C·A············· T·A·T·A·A·T·G·············· 3837 35 27 29 28 40 4125 29 30 4617 The s subunits enable the E.coli RNA polymerase to recognize promoter sites The RNA polymerase without the s subunit (i.e., the a2bb’) is unable to start transcription at promoter sites; The s subunit decrease the affinity of RNA polymerase for general (non-promoter) regions of DNA by a factor of 104; E.coli contains multiple s factors for recognizing different promoters: s70 for standard promoters; s32 for heat-shock promoters; s54 for nitrogen-starvation promoters; Each type of s factor allows the cell to coordinately express a set of genes. (2)转录起始 全酶中β亚基催化RNA的第一个核苷酸(一般是ATP和GTP)的磷酸二酯键的形成，一旦ATP or G