ppt课件-solidsandsurfaces-universityofoxford.pptVIP

Statistical Thermodynamics of Defects in Solids May have a perfect crystal at 0 K, but otherwise defects will occur in the structure Important influence on properties Electronic and thermal conduction Mechanical strength Diffusion Colour etc. Exploited in many applications Classification Intrinsic vs extrinsic Intrinsic - integral to the pure crystal Extrinsic - foreign atoms. Dimensionality Point defects at isolated atomic positions Extended Linear, planar, 3D Thermodynamic equilibrium Can represent a minimum in the free energy of the crystal Independent of sample history Or can be metasta