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Ocean Zones and the Ocean Floor Text Book pages # 350 - 356 The Ocean Floor For many years, nobody knew what was at the bottom of the ocean’s floor. Because of the darkness, cold, and extreme pressure, scientists have had to develop new technology to enable them to study the deep ocean floor. Scientists discovered the best way of mapping the ocean’s floor was to use Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) Sonar – A device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves. It creates a picture of the ocean’s floor using the recorded sound waves. The Oc