【2017年整理】逆转录病毒 retrovirus.docVIP

逆转录病毒 retrovirus 对人类致病的逆转录病毒有人类免疫缺陷病毒HIV和人类嗜T细胞病毒（Human T Lymphotropic Viruses） 一、HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus，HIV Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome, AIDS （A）Replication antigenicity and variation Target cells: CD4 T and MΦ (mainly) Receptor and coreceptors: CD4, CXCR4 or CCR5 (one of chemokine receptors) Replication Attachment and fusion: gp120/gp41-receptor interaction Reverse transcription: RT Integration and Provirus Transcription and translation Budding Antigenicity Env: contains many neutra- and non-neutralizing epitopes P24: CTL epitopes Variation: env (gp120), RT gene Heterogeneous populations of viruses in an infected individual. The HIV that infects a patient is very different from that seen by the time AIDS appears ( B )Transmission-control Sexually------ ST -Safer sex--condom D Heterosextial MSM Blood borne Transfusion Blood product Clear blood/blood production/Medical intervention Medication IDU (injection drug users) Do not be an IDU, do not share the needles Mother-infant Placenta Treatment-virus in blood down Delivery –Operation Brest feeding Artificial feeding ( C )Pathogenesis：HIV infection in CD4 T cells Only activated CD4 T cells can replicate virus Most infected CD4 T cells are rapidly lyzed but are replaced Some CD4 T cells revert to resting state as memory cells which are long-lived Memory CD4 T cells cannot replicate the virus unless they become activated ( D )Typical course： Primary Infection(Acute infection) Clinical Latency AIDS-related complex (ARC): AIDS Opportunistic Infections (OI) Protozoa: Cryptosporidium infection Fungi: Blastomyces albicans, Pneumocystis carinii Bacteria: Mycobacteria Viruses: Herpes viruses Cancers Kaposi tumor carneus (human herpes virus-8) Hokdkin‘s disease Cancer of anus Cancer of the cervix Neurologic disease: AIDS chronic brain syndrome ★Two points During infection virus is not totally controlled! Variation causes immunity, vaccine and therapy problems ( E )Laboratory diagnosis：serol