第二节生物活性陶瓷解决方案.ppt

第二节 生物活性陶瓷 一、概念 材料的生物活性:生物医用材料在体内不仅能传导组织的生长，而且可与宿主组织之间形成化学键合的能力. 生物活性材料的特点:在体内具有一定的溶解度,能释放对机体无害的一些离子(如钙、磷等),参与体内代谢,对新组织的生长起刺激和诱导作用,促进缺损组织的修复,显示生物活性. 骨键合机理 The mechanism of new bone formation an bone bonding to a bioactive ceramic implant is illustrated at left. following implantation, an ion exchange reaction takes place between the implant and the surrounding body fluid during which chemical species from the ceramic diffuse into the fluid and vice versa. Over time, this results in the formation of chemically graded layers that become hydrocarbonate apatite, ornew bone. Biodegradable Ceramics: Calcium Phosphates Degradation caused by: physiologic dissolution (depends on environment pH, type of calcium phosphate) physical disintegration (grain boundary attack)晶界崩解 biological factors (phagocytosis吞嗤 Catygory of Ca-P compounds： （1）Tetracalcium Phosphate (Ca4P2O9) （2）Amorphous Phosphate (Ca4P2O9) Amorphous （3）calcium Phosphate ： α-(Ca3(PO4)2) and β(Ca3(PO4)2) （4）Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) Almost all bioresorbable ceramics are variations of calcium phosphate Uses: drug-delivery repair material for bone damaged trauma or disease void filling after resection of bone tumours repair and fusion of vertebrae repair of herniated disks repair of maxillofacial and dental defects ocular implants 生物活性陶瓷的种类 羟基磷灰石 生物活性玻璃 磷酸三钙 Uses: drug-delivery repair material for bone damaged trauma or disease void filling after resection of bone tumours repair and fusion of vertebra repair of herniated disks repair of maxillofacial and dental defects ocular implants 羟基磷灰石 磷酸钙类陶瓷与生物矿物中对应的磷酸钙从成分和结构都是基本相同的,其中常见的是磷灰石,典型代表是羟基磷灰石. 早在1790年用希腊文定义自然界的这种矿物成分为磷灰石，1926年用衍射方法证明骨中的无机矿物为磷灰石，此后有关其结构、制备方法和应用的文章很多，目前也是生物医学工程领域的研究热点之一。 （1）Tetracalcium Phosphate (Ca4P2O9) （2）Amorphous Phosphate (Ca4P2O9) Amorphous （3）calcium Phosphate ： α-(Ca3(PO4)2) and β(Ca3(PO4)2) （4）Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) 羟基磷灰石 羟基磷灰石（hydroxyapatite，简称HA），化学分子式为Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 ，Ca/P比1.67。HA晶体属P63/m空间群, 六方晶系，点阵常a1=a2