90年度期中考及解答.docVIP

1.We may estimate (a) the minimum separation of two point sources that can just be resolved by a telescope with an objective lens of 0.05m diameter which is 300 m from the sources and (b) the minimum wavelength difference which may be resolved by a diffraction grating, which is 20 mm wide and has 500 lines mm-1, in the second order. (Assume ?= 630 nm in both cases.) (Hint: We define resolving power in terms of the Rayleigh criterion, which states that two objects (or wavelengths) are just resolved if their diffraction patterns when viewed through the optical system are such that the principal maximum of one falls in the first minimum of the other.) Ans: (a) 通常我們以角度來表示鑑別率大小,設光學器具如透鏡、光欄之直徑為D,由圓孔繞射公式可得: θm 為最小鑑別角度(minimum angle of resolution)由此可知當λ越小,越易分辨, θm= Smin/L L=300m Smin= 300?1.22?630?10-9/0.05=4.6 mm (b) λ/△λ=nN 從上式得知,光柵的色分辨本領與光線入射所經的光柵線數N和光點階數n成正比,與光柵間隔d或光柵密度無關。 n=2 N=500?20 λ/△λ=2?500?20 λ=λ/20000=3.15?10-11 2. Newtons rings are formed by a lens face with radius of curvature 2 m in contact with a plane surface, using sodium light with wavelength 630 nm. Find the radii of the first and second bright rings. ANS: m=1, 代入得rm=0.793mm m=2 , 代入得rm=1.375mm 3.GaAs is an important semiconductor used in photoelectronic devices. It has a refractive index of 3.6. For a slab of GaAs of thickness 0.2 mm show that a point source of light within the GaAs on the bottom face will give rise to radiation outside the top face from within a circle of radius R centred immediately above the point source. Find R. Ans: sin i = n sin r i=90? 臨界角 rcrit rcrit=sin-1(1/3.6)=16.1? R=0.2tan rcrit =0.058 mm 4. A thin equiconvex lens with radii of curvature 220 mm is made of crown glass with refractive indices 1.52 and 1.51 for blue and red light, respectively. Find the focal length of the lens and the axial chromatic aberration. ANS: 1/f1=(n-1)(2/r) r=220mm 藍光：n=1.52 代入 焦距 211.5 mm 紅光：n=1.51 代入 焦距215.7 mm 色像差 ?f=4.2mm 5. The focal length of the