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singular utterances realizing local activitiesthrough（实现本地activitiesthrough奇异话语）.doc

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singular utterances realizing local activitiesthrough（实现本地activitiesthrough奇异话语）

Singular Utterances: Realizing Local Activities through Typified Forms in Typified Circumstances Charles Bazerman, English Department, University of California, Santa Barbara GENRE AND UTTERANCE Every time we write, we create a new utterance for a new circumstance. That’s why writing is so hard: each time we write we have to think of new, appropriate, effective words in an extended turn as part of an interaction that is not immediately visible to us, an interaction we have to imagine. On the other hand, we write in identifiable realms of discourse, mobilizing recognizable forms to locate our activity, perceive possibilities, shape intentions, and make our utterances intelligible to our readers. That’s what makes writing not totally impossible or unimaginable. Theory and research on genre help us identify the invented social spaces that mediate communication. When we think of originality in typified locales, it is perhaps the idiosyncratic examples that come to mind--such as Gould and Lewontin’s “The Spandrels of San Marcos and the Panglossian Paradigm,” originally delivered at a Symposium of the Royal Society, and published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society (Gould and Lewontin 1979). This ostensibly scientific paper, offering a critique of dominant evolutionary thought, mixes quotations from Voltaire and architectural drawings of medieval cathedrals with a review of evolutionary literature going back to Darwin. Such examples often blur, overlay, or otherwise twist genres into new shape. Or perhaps we think of singular utterances as the singularly successful text that appears thoroughly ordinary, but says something that turns out to be extremely important, such as Watson and Crick’s “A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid.” (Watson and Crick 1953) We ought to remember, however, that the most ordinary and undistinguished article in any journal has something to say, is the product of extensive work, and attempts to intervene in some novel way in an