GMI地应力分析及钻井优化设计解析.ppt

* Pore pressure can come from seismic or logs. The pore pressure is highly correlated to the wellbore collapse and the fracture gradient, so the better this information is, the better the geomechanical model will predict borehole collapse conditions. * The least principal stress is derived from extended leak-off tests and minifracs. The idea is to measure the far field stress away from the local wellbore effects. The fracture closure pressure (FCP) is an approximation of the least principal stress, and this is generally the value that should represent the maximum static mud weight in any hole section. * Rock Strength is an important factor in determining the bore hole collapse pressure, or conversely, the mud weight required to prevent wellbore collapse. Again, the log based data gives us a range of data, and different values for the shales vs the reservoir rocks. * THIS SLIDE IS ANIMATED. IF YOU WANT TO TURN OFF THE ANIMATION FOR THE WHOLE PRESENTATION GO TO THE SLIDE SHOW MENU, CHOOSE SET UP SHOW, CLICK SHOW WITHOUT ANIMATION How do we orient the stress state? Stress concentration leads to wellbore failure detect failures and use to orient stresses as a function of depth (lithology) and spatial position. Changes in stress field will be seen in new wells if these occur. Breakouts - compressive, in orientation of Shmin hydrofracs will grow 90 degrees to this in direction of SHmax * THIS SLIDE IS ANIMATED. IF YOU WANT TO TURN OFF THE ANIMATION FOR THE WHOLE PRESENTATION GO TO THE SLIDE SHOW MENU, CHOOSE SET UP SHOW, CLICK SHOW WITHOUT ANIMATION This is a view of acoustic wellbore image data showing the development of both compressional (wellbore breakouts) andtensile (tensile wall fractures developed over the same well interval. As theoretically predicted, the tensile wall fractures form at 90° to wellbore breakouts. The polar cross sectional view of the breakouts clearly shows the width and depth of these wellbore features. As discussed breakout orien