第五章、完填空.docVIP

第五章、完形填空 第五章 完形填空 第一节 完形填空试题的解题技巧 一、完形填空的解题要求 完形填空是教学和测试的一个项目，但是在(大学英语教学大纲)中没有被明确地提出教学的目标和要求。事实上，完形填空是阅读、语法、词汇和写作等方面的一种综合测试形式。只有掌握好上述四个方面的知识才能比较顺利地完成完形填空的教学任务。 (一)有较强的阅读能力 要想顺利地通过完形填空的测试，考生必须从语篇上对短文进行全面的理解——必须正确地理解文章的大意，分析文章的结构以及主题的表达形式等。以下短文是大学英语四级考试样题完形填空题目的短文。 Smoking is considered dangerous to the health. Our tobacco-seer, Mr. Johnson, therefore, always asks his customers, if they are very young whom the cigarettes are bought __71__. One day, a little girl whom he had never seen before walked__72__into his shop and demanded twenty cigarettes. She had the__73__ amount of money in her hand and seemed very__74__ of her- self. Mr. Johnson was so__75__ by her confident manner that he__76__to ask his usual question. __77__, he asked her what kind of cigarettes she wanted. The girl replied __78__ and handed him the money. While he was giving her the__79__, Mr. Johnson said laughingly that__80__ she was so young she should __81__ the packet in her pocket in __82__a policeman saw it. __83__ , the little girl did not seem to find this very funny. Without __84__ smiling she took the __85__ and walked towards the door. Suddenly she stopped, turned __86__, and looked steadily at Mr. Johnson. There was a moment of silence and the tobacco-seller__87__ what she was going to say. __88__ at once, in a dear, __89__ voice, the girl declared, My dad is a policeman, and with __90__ she walked quickly out of the shop. 文章讲述一位警察女儿买烟的故事。文章的主题句告诉我们：吸烟有害健康，所以香烟销售商经常查问少年购买者为谁买烟。短文为记叙文，以叙述的方式表达主题。因此我们在选词填空时既要考虑表达控制少年购烟的一般情况，更要考虑描述警察女儿买烟这一特定情况的措辞。 (二)有较强的语法基础 在完形填空的试题中，测试者有目的地从短文中抽掉一些词语。题目要求考生根据对文章内容和上下文的语法结构的理解，填入词义和词性都恰当的单词或短语，把短文的意思和结构补充完整。 (三)熟练掌握和运用4000左右的单词和短语 在完形填空题目中，测试词汇的部分占一半以上，因此扩大词汇量对考好完形填空非常重 要。 (四)具有一定的写作知识 在解答完形填空题目时，考生经常要根据文章的上下文的结构和内容，填入适当的结构词。 二、完形填空的结构 完形填空的题目可以有如下三种形式： (一)带选择项的完形填空 这种测试题通常由两个部分构成。第一部分是篇幅约为250词的短文。这种短文的题材通俗，难度适中。根据测试的需要，短文留有一定数量的(通常为20个)带编号的空白。为了让考生理解文章大意，文章的主题句通常不留空白。这样，考生可根据主题句的启示，运用自己的语法结构知识和逻辑思维能力，利用短文中的关键词语所提供的信息，在文章的空白处中 填入