AP Biology 生物学术语(中英对照)课件.pptVIP

Chapter 12 1. biology 生物学 The study of life that seeks to provide an understanding of the natural world. 2. organism 生物 Anything that possesses all the characteristics of life; all organisms have an orderly structure, produce offspring, grow, develop, and adjust to changes in the environment. 3.organization 组织 orderly structure of cells in an organism; a characteristic of all living things reproduction 繁殖 production of offspring by an organism; a characteristic of all living things species 物种 a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature growth 生长 increase in the amount of living material and formation of new structures in an organism; a characteristic of all living things environment 环境 biotic and abiotic surroundings to which an organism must constantly adjust; includes air, water, weather, temperature, other organisms and many other factors. stimulus 刺激 anything in an organisms internal or externaml environment that causes the organism to react response 反应 an organisms reaction to a chance in its internal or external environment homeostasis 稳态 organisms regulation of its internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for survival; a characteristic of all living things. process of maintaing equilibrium in cells internal environments energy 能量 the ability to cause chance; organisms use energy to perform biological function adaptation 适应 evolution of a structure, behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring evolution 进化 gradual change in a species through adaptations over time scientific method 科学方法 procedures that biologists and other scientists use to gather information and answer questions, include observing and hypothesizing, experimenting and gathering and interpreting results. hypothesis 假设 explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested experiment 实验 procedure that tests a h