OxyfuelFlueGas,SteelandRockImplicationsforCO2.pptVIP

* Schlumberger Carbon Services Schlumberger Private Schlumberger Private Oxyfuel Flue Gas, Steel and RockImplications for CO2 Geological Storage 1st International Oxyfuel Combustion Conference, Cottbus (Germany), 2009 Sep 8 Matteo Loizzo Schlumberger Carbon Services engineering manager Geological storage performance factors “I’ll pay you 50 €/t to take 6 Mt/year for the 40 years of life of my power plant, with a reliability of 4?, and with no measurable leaks.” Some definitions – European Directive 2009/31/EC ““Geological storage of CO2” means injection accompanied by storage of CO2 streams in underground […] rock layers” Deep saline formations and (depleted) oil and gas reservoirs A CO2 stream shall consist overwhelmingly of carbon dioxide. Concentrations of all [contaminants] shall be below levels that would […] adversely affect the integrity of the storage site or the relevant transport infrastructure” What is in the rock before we inject CO2? EOR/EGR: Enhanced hydrocarbon Recovery Oil recovery rate ~40% of OOIP Gas: 90% Initial production, then pressure maintenance (water or gas), then tertiary recovery Issues: unconnected/heterogeneous reservoirs, pressure decline, water… CO2 is lighter (but not so much) so it can sweep the “ceiling” and reasonably miscible so it reduces fingering Minimum Miscibility Pressure ~10 MPa Water Alternate Gas to sweep the floor as well Oil, water, gas Depleted (gas) reservoirs ? very low pressure gas, and water Deep saline formations ? salty water (brine) Where does the water go? Water needed for most contaminants’ reactions CO2-water displacement Sharp front, residual saturation Srw Evaporation of residual water in the plume Like “salting out” ? does it really affect injectivity? Diffusion of CO2 and contaminants at the edges of the plume Depends on exchange surface, upside ? solubility trapping Shut-downs ? water flows back Near reservoir and wells affected Source:Azaroual et al., ENGINE Workshop, 2007 Contaminants in deep rock