AtomicPropertiesandthePeriodTable.pptVIP

Atomic Properties and the Period Table Mendeleev and Meyer Work Main-group Ions Transition Metal Ions Sizes of Atoms and Ions Screening and Penetration Atomic Radii in Groups and Period Atomic radii as Z increases Trends of Ionic radii From Atoms to Ions Trend in Ionization Energy Variation of I1 as Z Varies The In of Group n Electron Affinity Electronegativity Magnetic Properties Metals, Non-metals, Acids and Bases Oxides and Strong Acids Review of trends of properties Review of energy states Review of acid-base property of elements Review questions Review questions – cont. Period Table Chemical elements: basic matters from which all material are made of. Atoms: natural entities of all matter. Atomic properties: properties of individual atoms. Periodic table of chemical elements: a tool for correlating and organizing chemical properties of elements. The modern periodic tables are results of quantum mechanics, and the study of chemistry has gone through a period highly theoretical to reach this state. Many atomic properties are related to the location of the element on the period table, and you need to know some of the rules and trends. Both Mendeleev and Meyer tried to correlate chemical properties of elements with atomic weight, and they found that the properties reoccur every so often as atomic weight increases. For example, Na, K, Rb form compounds with oxygen and water in similar way. So do Mg, Ca, Ba; F, Cl, Br; etc. Mendeleev predicted some element not yet discovered then and elements were discovered as he predicted. This made him much more known than Meyer. Due to the fact that atomic weight has to be inverted in a few places on the old periodic table, the atomic number was assigned after the discoveries of X-ray and Moseley’s law: the frequencies of the characteristic X-rays of elements are proportional to the square of atomic number. Mendeleev Meyer role models Typical ions by groups of elements Li+1 Be+2 B C N3– O2– F – Ne Na+1 Mg+2 Al+3 Si P3