Chapter6ProcessesandOperatingSystems.ppt

Pads Lab Chapter 6Processes and Operating Systems 金仲達教授 清華大學資訊工程學系 (Slides are taken from the textbook slides) Overview Processes Context switching Operating systems Scheduling policies Interprocess communication Evaluation and optimization Design example: telephone answering machine Introduction When multiple operations must be performed at widely varying times, a single program can easily become too complex Two abstractions to build complex applications: process: defines the state of an executing program= compartmentalize functions operating system: provides mechanism for switching execution between the processes= encapsulate control for switching processes Allowing switching state of processor between multiple tasks building applications with more complex functionality and greater flexibility to satisfy timing requirements Why multiple processes? Need to structure programs to perform multiple tasks Processes help us manage timing complexity: receive and send data at multiple rates, e.g., multimedia, automotive asynchronous input, e.g., user interfaces, communication systems Multirate systems make meeting timing requirements even more complex: certain operations must be executed periodically , and each is executed at its own rate Example: engine control Tasks: spark control crankshaft sensing fuel/air mixture oxygen sensor Kalman filter To fire spark plugperiodically, setthrottle, adjustfuel/air mixture, etc. Life without processes Code turns into a mess: interruptions of onetask for another spaghetti code Early multitasking: co-routines ADR r14,co2a co1a … ADR r13,co1b MOV r15,r14 co1b … ADR r13,co1c MOV r15,r14 co1c ... co2a … ADR r14,co2b MOV r15,r13 co2b … ADR r14,co2c MOV r15,r13 co2c … Co-routine methodology A co-routine has several different entry points give hooks for nonhierarchical calls and returns Like subroutine, but caller determines the return address Co-routines voluntarily give up control to other co-routines Pattern of contr