GEOL2312IGNEOUSANDMETAMORPHICPETROLOGY.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * GEOL 2312 IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY Lecture 25 Metamorphic Reactions April 6, 2009 ISOGRADS AND METAMORPHIC REACTIONS The basis of isograds are metamorphic reactions Usually mineral-in reactions, but some isogrades can be mineral out If we have good experimental and theoretical data on minerals and reactions, we can locate a reaction in P-T-X space and constrain the conditions under which a particular metamorphic rock formed. We will investigate the various types of metamorphic reactions, and discuss what controls them TYPES OF METAMORPHIC REACTIONS Phase Transformations Exsolution Reactions Solid-Solid Net Transfer Reactions Devolatilization Reactions Continuous Reactions (NEXT LECTURE) Ion Exchange Reactions Oxidation/Reduction (redox) Reactions Reactions involving Dissolved Species TYPES OF METAMORPHIC REACTIONS PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS Isochemical phase transformations that depend on temperature and pressure only Al2SiO5 CaCO3 TYPES OF METAMORPHIC REACTIONS PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS Because DS for most polymorphic transformations is small, DG between two alternative polymorphs is also small. Consequently... 1) There is little driving force for the reaction to proceed commonly leading to metastable relics in the stability field of other, and 2) Coexisting polymorphs may actually represent non-equilibrium states (overstepped equilibrium curves or polymetamorphic overprints) Rock w/ Ky+Sil+And may indicate a field rather than an invariant point TEXTURE IS A GUIDE to discriminate incomplete reaction vs. equilibrium TYPES OF METAMORPHIC REACTIONS EXSOLUTION Albite-rich perthite exsolution (h) Orthoclase host (g) TYPES OF METAMORPHIC REACTIONSSOLID-SOLID NET-TRANSFER Differs from polymorphic transformations by involving solids of differing composition, and thus material must diffuse from one site to another for the reaction to proceed Examples: NaAlSi2O6 + SiO2 = NaAlSi3O8 Jd Qtz Ab MgSiO3 + CaAl2Si2O8 =