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去年材料物理案整理
1.what is the wave – particle duality theory? Does any matter have both wave and
particle characteristics?(33号)
1）Particle-like Character: light propagating through free space consisting of a stream of ‘photons’ suggested by photoelectric effect. Its kinetic energy is given:
Wave-like Character: its correctness is indicated by electron microscope as well as by diffraction and interference. The De Broglie wavelength of a particle moving with momentum mv is given by:
2）any matter have both wave and particle characteristics
2.What is the uncertainty principle?( For an example) (33号)
Uncertainty principle states that certain pairs of physical properties, like position and momentum, cannot both be known to arbitrary precision. That is, the more precisely one property is known, the less precisely the other can be known.
3.Wavefunction and its meaning. (33号)
A wave function or wave function is a mathematical tool used in quantum mechanics to describe the momentary states of subatomic particles.
Statistical explanation of wavefunction
The values of the wave function are probability amplitudes — complex numbers — the squares of the absolute values of which give the probability distribution that the system will be in any of the possible states.
4.The solution of Schrodinger equation of the particles bound in one-dimensional
potential wells. (1/2号)
Single particle in one dimensions：
Free particle
Time dependent
5,What is the best obvious characteristics of crystal lattice ? (3/4号)
The best obvious characteristics of crystal lattice is that atoms are arranged periodically in crystal lattice.
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material, whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.
6.what is the forbidden band, empty band, valence band ,conduction band? (5/6号)
allowed band: the energy band which allow to be occupied by electron
forbidden band: the region between allo
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