Chaptr 4Transmission Media.pptVIP

William StallingsData and Computer Communications7th Edition Chapter 4 Transmission Media Overview Characteristics and quality determined by: Medium Signal Medium Guided - wire Unguided - wireless For Guided Medium The medium is more important For Unguided The bandwidth produced by the antenna is more important Key concerns are data rate and distance Design Factors Bandwidth Higher bandwidth gives higher data rate Transmission impairments Attenuation Interference Issue especially in case of unguided medium Number of receivers Unicast (one sender, one receiver) Multicast (multiple receivers can introduce more errors) Guided Transmission Media Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Optical Fiber Transmission Characteristics of Guided Media Twisted Pair Twisted Pair ? Architecture Twisted Pair ? Applications Most commonly used medium Telephone network Between house and local exchange (subscriber loop) Within buildings To private branch exchange (PBX) For local area networks (LAN) 10Mbps or 100Mbps Twisted Pair - Pros and Cons Advantages Less expensive Easy to work with Disadvantages Low data rate Short range Twisted Pair (TP) ?Characteristics Analog transmission Amplifiers every 5km to 6km Digital transmission Use either analog or digital signals repeater every 2km or 3km TP is Limited Distance Bandwidth Data rate Susceptible to interference and noise Easy coupling of electromagnetic fields Unshielded and Shielded TP Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ordinary telephone wire Less expensive Weak immunity against noise and interference Suffers from external EM interference Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) An extra metallic sheath on each pair Relatively more expensive Provide better performance than UTP Increased Data rate Increased Bandwidth UTP Categories Cat 3 up to 16MHz Voice grade found in most offices Twist length of 7.5 cm to 10 cm Cat 4 up to 20 MHz Cat 5 up to 100MHz Commonly pre-installed in new office buildings Twist length 0.6 cm to 0.85 cm Cat 5E (Enha