Modul3.ppt

Module 3Mitigation Options General considerations Industry Buildings Transport Energy supply Solid waste and wastewater Land-use, land-use change and forestry Agriculture Note: geological sequestration is not covered but is a potential longer-term mitigation option. Module 3a General Considerations Technology Innovations Neededto Mitigate CO2 Emissions More efficient technologies for energy conversion and utilization in all end-use sectors (transportation, industry, buildings, agriculture; power generation) New or improved technologies for utilizing alternative energy sources with lower or no GHG emissions (such as natural gas and renewables) Technologies for CO2 capture and storage (for large-scale industrial processes like electric power generation and fuels production) Technology Policies Have Reduced theCost of GHG-Friendly Energy Systems Facilitating Energy Efficiency Module 3b Industry Industry: Primary Energy Demand by Region Since 1980, industrial energy demand has stagnated in industrialized countries, but continues to grow rapidly in many developing countries, especially in Asia. Industry: Emissions Contribution Globally, 50% of industry energy consumption made up by Iron steel Chemicals Petroleum refining Pulp paper Cement Huge variations between countries Small industries important in many developing countries. Industry Unique opportunities for reducing GHGs because process change with energy efficiency benefits often driven by economic and organizational considerations. Shortage of capital is a problem in many cases, but gradual improvement in efficiency is likely as investment takes place and new plants are built. Nature of industrial decision-making implies that energy-cost savings may either be dominant or secondary in specific technical actions. Potential for large efficiency gains due to rapid stock turnover expected in developing countries. Industry: Energy Intensity in Pulp and Paper Industry Energy intensity (energy use per unit of v