Sessin10-01技术基础.ppt

Session 7-10. Modern IT Architecture Session 7. Desktop Systems (one computer) PC Hardware Software Systems Session8-9. Distributed Systems (many computer) Computer Networks and the Internet Distributed application and Client/Server The World Wide Web and e-commerce Session 10. Managing Data Resource Database technology Data Warehousing, OLAP, Data Mining Databases Technology 1. Database Concepts 2. Microsoft Access 3. Database Trends FILE ORGANIZATION A computer system organizes data in a hierarchy that begins with bits, and proceeds to bytes, fields, records, files, and database. FILE ORGANIZATION BIT: Binary Digit (0,1;Y,N;On, Off) BYTE: Combination of BITS which represent a CHARACTER FIELD: A logical grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number. RECORD: Collection of FIELDS which reflect a TRANSACTION FILE: A Collection of Similar RECORDS DATABASE: An Organization’s Electronic Library of FILES FILE ORGANIZATION For Example, Filed: Student’s name; Record: FILE ORGANIZATION : Another way of thinking about database components—— ENTITY: Person, Place, Thing, Event about Which Data Must be Kept ( a record describes an entity ) ATTRIBUTE: Description of a Particular ENTITY （corresponds to fields) KEY FIELD: Field Used to Retrieve, Update, Sort RECORD * FILE ORGANIZATION KEY FIELD Field in Each Record Uniquely Identifies THIS Record For RETRIEVAL UPDATING SORTING * Accessing Records from Computer Files:Sequential vs. Direct or random file organization SEQUENTIAL: Data records must be retrieved in the same physical sequence in which they are stored. (Magnetic tape ) DIRECT: Data can be accessed without regard to physical sequence. (Disk) * Problems Arising from the File Organization Data Redundancy: The same piece of information could be duplicated in several files. Data Inconsistency: Data Isolation: Data files are likely to be organized differently, stored in different formats, and often physically inaccessible t