动名词、分词用法讲解.pptVIP

⑩ 常见句型： 主语 + have + + (in) + doing difficulty trouble a problem a struggle a good time a hard time fun headaches 主语 + spend + + (in) + doing time money energy 主语 + lose + no + time + (in) + doing come go near (to) doing 不要浪费时间在某事上 几乎要…… 4.作定语（动名词/现在分词） ⑴ 动名词作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，并不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。当“供……用”讲，相当于一个介词for短语，常置于被修饰的名词前。 e.g. a washing machine a machine (which is used) for washing a reading room a room (which is used ) for reading ⑵ 现在分词作定语，表示表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态。它与被修饰的词之间有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句，可表示一个正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。 e.g. The man standing by the window is our teacher. The man who is standing by the window is our teacher. China is a developing country. China is a country which is developing. 现在分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前。 现在分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词后。 5.作表语（动名词/现在分词） ⑴ 动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念。表语和主语可以互换位置。 e.g. Our job is playing all kinds of music. Playing all kinds of music is our job. ⑵ 现在分词作表语，表示表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词几乎已经变成了形容词。 e.g. The story was very interesting. The news is quite shocking. 6.作宾语补足语(宾补)（现在分词） 现在分词作宾补时，与宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或状态。它主要用于以下两类动词作宾补。 ⑴ 表示感觉和心理状态的动词(短语)，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch(碰巧发现),find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。 e.g. I caught him cheating in the exam. He was caught cheating in the exam (by me). ⑵ 使役动词，如set, keep, have, get, leave, make等。 e.g. You shouldn’t keep your lights burning in the day. I can’t get the car going. ⑶ 有些动词词组，如regard, describe, accept, think of, look on等之后，可由as引出现在分词形式作宾补。 e.g. They described the cartoon as being very attractive. 7.作状语（现在分词） ⑴ 性质： ①时间性：指使用现在分词的一般式还是完成式。如果现在分词表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用其一般式，如果先于谓语动词表示的动作，用其完成式。 e.g. Walking in the street , I met an old friend of mine. Having finished the letter , he went out to post it. ②语法性：指使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式。这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的逻辑关系。句子的主语就是现在分词的逻辑主语。 e.g. Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy. Having finished his homework, he we