ppt课件-the ocean floor- p bworks（海底- p bworks）.pptVIP

The Ocean Floor 14.1 The Vast World Ocean The Ocean Floor What does the bottom of the ocean look like? If the water of the ocean were drained, what would you see? How much of the Earth is covered with water? Why is Earth called the “Blue Planet”? The Blue Planet Fig 1 Pg 394 70% of Earth’s surface covered by ocean. The Blue Planet The world can be divided into four main ocean basins—the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and has the greatest depth. The Vast World Ocean Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and charting topography of ocean floor 36,000 ft deep Marianas trench The Challenger In 1872 HMS Challenger expedition made the first study of Earth’s oceans 65,000 mile trip took the ship and its crew of scientists to every ocean except the Arctic How did they measure the depths of the oceans? used line and sinker The Challenger Recorded depth of the ocean floor The Topography of the Ocean You could see mountains on bottom of ocean if Earth’s oceans were drained The Topography of the Ocean A Continental slope B Seamount C Continental Rise D Mid Ocean Ridge E Abyssal Plain F Continental Shelf G Ocean Trench E Measuring Topography on the Ocean Floor Three types of technology allow scientists to study the ocean floor 1. sonar 2. satellites 3. submersibles Sonar Invented in the 1906 by Lewis Nixon Sonar is an acronym for Sound Ocean Navigation and Ranging Also referred to as echo sounding Sonar works by transmitting sound waves toward the ocean bottom Measuring Topography on the Ocean Floor Sonar Methods Satellites Satellites are able to measure small differences by bouncing microwaves off the ocean surface Can measure variations in sea-surface height as small as 3 to 6 centimeters (1 to 2 inches) Differences in the height of the ocean surface are caused by ocean-floor features Measuring Topography on the Ocean Floor Satellite Methods Submersibles Submersibles are small und