高级植物生理学概论.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * go Rotenone Malonate SHAM Antimycin A KCN CO NaN3 Specific inhibitors for oxidative phosphorylation Complex I is a large multisubunit complex of 30-40 polypeptides. Depending on the species, the plant genome may encode as many as 9 components of complex I, which oxidizes NADH produced by the reactions of the TCA cycle and by the other NAD-linked enzymes in the matrix. Complex II, the smallest of the four proteins of sizes 70, 27, 15 and 13.5 KDa. Unlike complex I, complex II does not translocate protons, so succinate oxidation is linked to the synthesis of less ATP than is NADH oxidation. Complex III, also known as the cytochrome bc1 complex, inludes a 42-kDa cytochrome with 2 b-type hemes,a 31 kDa cytochrome c1, a 27-kDa Rieske-type Fe-S protein, and five or so additional polypeptides. UQH2 + 2Cytcox + 2H+matrix UQ + 2Cytcred + 4H+IMS Complex IV, cytochrome c oxidase, accepts an electron from reduced cytochrome c on the cytosolic side of the inner membrane and eventually donates it to oxygen on the matrix side of the membrane. It contains 7-9 polypeptides with 2 a-type hemes and 2 copper-containing enters. Like complex I, cytochrome oxidase translocates protons across the inner membrane during e transfer, but the crystal structure has not yet revealed the proton pumping mechanism. 化学渗透学说：破译氧化磷酸化与光合磷酸化的机理 由英国的米切尔(Peter Mitchell) 1961年提出， 理论要点： ① 由磷脂和蛋白多肽构成的膜对离子和质子具有选择性； ② 具有氧化还原电位的电子传递体不匀称地嵌合在膜内； ③ 膜上有偶联电子传递的质子转移系统； ④ 膜上有转移质子的ATP酶。 获1978年化学诺贝尔奖 Complex V: ATP synthase ? 亚基和三种F0亚基由线粒体基因编码，其它亚基由核基因编码。 在分子世界里，ATP合酶是一种很奇妙的酶。可以说它是一个离子泵、一种令人惊异的纳米级分子马达。它在细胞里扮演着一个不可或缺的角色。一般来说，机体所需的大多数ATP都是由ATP合酶产生的，其合成ATP的机理很奇特。 呼吸作用的主要功能： ？？？ ？？？ 3. ...... The primary pathways of respiration provide metabolic intermediates that serve as substrates for the synthesis of: Amino acids and proteins Nucleic acids Fat