ppt课件-carbonandalloysteels-pennsylvaniastateuniversity.pptVIP

Process annealing: A process used to relieve stress in a cold-worked carbon steel with less than 0.3?wt% C. The steel is usually heated up to 550–650?°C for 1 hour, but sometimes temperatures as high as 700?°C. The image rightward shows the area where process annealing occurs. * Normalizing: Carbon steel is heated to approximately 55?°C above Ac3 or Acm for 1 hour; this assures the steel completely transforms to austenite. The steel is then air-cooled, which is a cooling rate of approximately 38?°C (68 °F) per minute. This results in a fine pearlitic structure, and a more-uniform structure. N