ppt课件-conceptualization, operationalization,and measurement（操作化,概念化和测量）.pptVIP

Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement Independent and Dependent Variables Independent variable is what is manipulated a treatment or program or cause ‘Factor’ ‘Explanatory Variable’ Dependent variable is what is affected by the independent variable effects or outcomes ‘Measure’ ‘Response Variable’ Concept versus Construct Concept Term (nominal definition) that represents an idea that you wish to study; Represents collections of seemingly related observations and/or experiences ?? Concepts as Constructs We refer to concepts as constructs to recognize their social con