大学英语常用词词义辨析实例(一).docVIP

大学英语词义辨析实例（一） 林明金 abandon, desert, forsake, relinquish, discard 丢弃 [辨析] abandon是失去控制，或丧失了占有的能力，强调永远和完全放弃。desert “遗弃，抛弃”，强调违背允诺、誓言或逃避责任。Forsake“放弃，抛弃”，强调断绝感情的依恋。Relinquish强调放弃权利，特权或要求。discard“废弃，摒弃，扔掉”，指无用而废弃。 [例证] They abandoned their lands to the invading forces.他们丢下了土地，遭侵略占领。 The village had been hurriedly deserted, perhaps because terrorists were in the area.全村人都匆匆逃走了，或许因为该地区有恐怖分子。 He forsook his family and friends.他舍弃他的家人和朋友。 She relinquished possession of the house to her sister.她把房子的所有权让给了她的妹妹。 She discarded a four, and picked up a king.她打出一张四点的牌，抓起一张K。 abolish, eliminate, extinguish, cancel 消除 [辨析] abolish指“用暴力或法律手段废除旧制度、旧风俗”。eliminate指“消除或淘汰不需要的东西”。extinguish指“用压服性的武力等手段使其毁灭”。Cancel指“取消已预定的事情”。 [例证] 1．Should the death penalty be abolished?应该废除死刑吗？ 2. The police have eliminated two suspects from their enquiry.警方从调查中排除了两名受嫌疑的人。 3．They tried to extinguish the fire.他们竭力要把火焰扑灭。 4. The match had to be cancelled because of bad weather.比赛因天气不好只得取消。 disgusting, abominable令人讨厌的 [辨析] disgusting指“卑鄙的行为、手段或事物令人憎恶”。在日常生活中，该词的语气较弱，指“使人讨厌或受不了”。abominable语气很重，有“让人深恶痛绝的”意味，它可指“一切令人不快的事情”。 [例证] He found her cooking habits to be disgusting.他发现她的烹调习惯让人受不了。 Your behavior is abominable to me.我讨厌你的行为。 abridge, shorten, abbreviate 缩减，缩短 [辨析] abridge指“通过压缩删节而减少，但核心部分仍保留”。shorten指“在长度、时间、范围等方面缩减”。abbreviate指“词、短语通过压缩或省略某些部分而缩短” [例证] 1. This is an abridged edition of ‘War and Peace’. 这是一本《战争与和平》的节略本。 2．The days are beginning to shorten.白天开始变短了。 3. In writing, the title ‘Doctor’ is abbreviated to ‘Dr”.在书写时，Doctor头衔的缩写是Dr。 absorb, assimilate吸收 [辨析] absorb指“使被吸收者失去其特点”，或指“将某人或某物合并”。assimilate指“使被吸收者的特点不复存在”，或指“将被吸收者变成吸收者的一部分”。 [例证] Aspirin is quickly absorbed by the body.阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。 The larger firm absorbed the smaller one.那大公司吞并了那小公司。 Some foods are assimilated more easily than others.有些食物比另一些食物容易吸收。 The USA has assimilated people from many different countries.美国同化了来自许多国家的人。 abstract, extract提取，提炼 [辨析] abstract指“把一种东西从另一种东西中分离出来”。extract强调“用力或仔细地直接提取，或使用机器榨出” [例证] We can