PowerElectronics-30.pptVIP

ECE 364 – Power Electronics P. T. Krein Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Power Electronics Load types and the principles of models Wire inductance Source issues related to critical L and C Source impedance Sources and Loads Loads in general have wires and losses. We can identify quasi-steady loads and transient loads. In the quasi-steady case, the load does not change much during a switching cycle. Quasi-Steady Loads Examples are any load that does not change much during a switching period. Motors Loudspeakers Batteries to be charged Almost any load that includes a filtering effect Quasi-Steady Loads We often make loads quasi-steady by adding series inductance or parallel capacitance so they will not change rapidly. From the converter, such loads act – on short time scales – like ideal sources. Transient Loads Some loads change so fast that switch action does not do much. Good example: large microprocessor. A processor with a 500 MHz clock can change its current needs every 2 ns. A lot of change can occur in between switching actions inside the power converter. Transient Loads Transient loads must be addressed through energy storage, since switch action is not sufficient to provide the correct voltage or current. The energy storage needs become part of the power converter design. Transient Loads Example: A certain microprocessor can be modelled as a capacitance (inside the CMOS chip) switching into the input voltage at 500 MHz. Consider a 10000 pF capacitor switching into a 2 V source at this rate. Each time we switch, charge CV = 20000 pC must be delivered. At this rate, this is 10 A of current (or 20 W). Transient Load Example With a 5 V to 2 V converter, the diode carries the load current most of the time. The concept: provide enough output capacitance that the load effect will make little difference. For example, a 10 uF capacitor should be able to charge 0.01 uF about 100 times before the voltage