pytho_08.pptVIP

Chapter 8 – Customizing Classes 8.1 Introduction Class Customization Provide clients with simple notation for manipulating objects Special methods Called by Python when a client performs a certain operation on an object Operator overloading Enable Python’s operators to work with objects For example, the + operator is overloaded to work with numeric values as well as perform string concatenation 8.2 Customizing String Representation: Method __str__ Special Methods __str__ Allows object to be output with print statement Method is called by Python when print statement occurs Example: print objectOfClass String returned by method is output displayed to user PhoneNumber.py 1 # Fig. 8.1: PhoneNumber.py 2 # Representation of phone number in USA format: (xxx) xxx-xxxx. 3 4 class PhoneNumber: 5 Simple class to represent phone number in USA format 6 7 def __init__( self, number ): 8 Accepts string in form (xxx) xxx-xxxx 9 10 self.areaCode = number[ 1:4 ] # 3-digit area code 11 self.exchange = number[ 6:9 ] # 3-digit exchange 12 self.line = number[ 10:14 ] # 4-digit line 13 14 def __str__( self ): 15 Informal string representation 16 17 return (%s) %s-%s % \ 18 ( self.areaCode, self.exchange, self.line ) 19 20 def test(): 21 22 # obtain phone number from user 23 newNumber = raw_input( 24 Enter phone number in the form (123) 456-7890:\n ) 25 26 phone = PhoneNumber( newNumber ) # create PhoneNumber object 27 print The phone number is:, 28 print phone # invokes phone.__str__() 29 30 if __name__ == __main__: 31 test() 8.3 Customizing Attribute Access Special Methods Can control how the dot access operator behaves on objects of a class Accessing an attribute with the dot operator causes methods to execute __setattr__ Called by Python every time a program makes an assignment to an object’s attribut